Articulating Concepts Matters! Resilient Actions in the Norwegian Governmental Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic Comment on "Government Actions and Their Relation to Resilience in Healthcare During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New South Wales, Australia and Ontario, Canada".

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged our healthcare systems and required collaboration from both centralized and decentralized system levels to adapt to the changes and challenges. This commentary offers a look into the Norwegian governmental healthcare system and response within a resilience in healthcare perspective, by analyzing the situated, structural, and systemic resilience. Such a conceptualization of resilience into three scales of organizational activity may assist our efforts to understand and explain governmental actions throughout the pandemic. Research application of resilience in healthcare to explain and discuss government actions during the COVID-19 pandemic, needs to ensure sensitivity to the overall structural, cultural, and human factor aspects of the relevant healthcare system under scrutiny as well as sensitivity to specific context within the various system levels.

Systemic resilience and COVID-19: lessons from Taiwan.

In May 2021, Taiwan experienced its first COVID-19 surge. Up until then, this geopolitically vulnerable nation had contained the pandemic well. The situation seemed dire at the peak of the surge, however, within two months, the crisis had been resolved. Aside from technical measures such as border control and mandated social distancing, other underlying systemic factors- including an accreditation-strengthened and digitalized healthcare system, government resourcefulness, and continuously adaptive strategies- were crucial to Taiwan's success, and have demonstrated the importance of systemic resilience in terms of navigating the pandemic.

Rethinking labour migration: Covid-19, essential work, and systemic resilience.

Many of the 'essential workers' during the Covid-19 pandemic are migrants, playing an important role for the continued functioning of basic services - notably health services, social care, and food supply chains. We argue that this role should be taken into account when assessing the impacts of migrant workers and in the design of labour migration and related public policies. Existing studies highlight how the employment of migrant workers in essential services is shaped by interests of employers, sectoral policies, and national institutions. Considerations of how migrants may affect the systemic resilience of essential services - in a pandemic or similar crises - are pervasively absent, not only in policy-making but also in research. Drawing on several disciplines, we outline the concept of systemic resilience and develop implications for the analysis and regulation of labour migration. We call for shifting the focus from the role of migrants in specific occupations and sectors in particular countries to transnational systems of production and service provision. To study how migrant workers affect systemic resilience, we propose an agenda for comparative research along three lines: comparing migrants to citizens within the same system, comparing migrants' roles across systems, and comparing strategies for resilience adopted in different systems.